Вычислительный фантом для дозиметрии красного костного мозга десятилетнего ребенка от инкорпорированных бета-излучателей

Остеотропные радионуклиды, в частности 89,90Sr, могут попадать в окружающую среду при различных техногенных радиационных инцидентах, оттуда с пищей и водой они поступают в организм человека, что приводит к внутреннему облучению красного костного мозга (ККМ). Эти элементы были в составе радиоактивных сбросов в реку Теча в 1950-е гг., и являются основным источником облучения ККМ жителей прибрежных территорий. Оценка доз на ККМ опирается на дозиметрическое моделирование, которое включает разработку трехмерных вычислительных фантомов частей скелета. На основе имитации переноса энергии в этих фантомах оценивают коэффициенты перехода от активности радионуклида в кости к мощности дозы в ККМ. Целью исследования было разработать вычислительный фантом скелета десятилетнего ребенка для оценки доз на ККМ от инкорпорированных бета-излучателей. Для создания фантомов использовали оригинальный SPSD (от англ. stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry) подход. Согласно данной методике, участки скелета, содержащие ККМ, разбивались на меньшие сегменты простой геометрической формы, для которых генерировались воксельные фантомы. Параметры для генерации фантомов основаны на опубликованных данных, они включали: линейные размеры костей, толщину кортикального слоя, характеристики костной микроархитектуры, плотность и химический состав моделируемых сред и долю содержания ККМ в костях. Сгенерированный вычислительный фантом участков скелета с активным гемопоэзом десятилетнего ребенка состоит из 38 фантомов-сегментов. Линейные размеры сегментов были 3–88 мм, толщина кортикального слоя — 0,2–2,2 мм.

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