Валидация и определение воспроизводимости наборов из 10 слов для оценки памяти русскоязычной версии протокола SCAT-5: поперечное одноцентровое исследование

Введение. Сотрясение головного мозга (СГМ), диагностика которого преимущественно основана на клинических методах, — актуальная проблема современного спорта. Для совершенствования методов диагностики СГМ в спорте высших достижений используется протокол SCAT (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool). Оригинальные версии данного протокола выпускаются на английском языке, что сопровождается трудностями в культурной адаптации и языковых особенностях перевода.

Цель. Изучить сопоставимость и взаимозаменяемость каждого из трех предложенных русскоязычных наборов из 10 слов для оценки памяти спортсменов при проведении обследования в соответствии с протоколом SCAT-5.

Материалы и методы. Проведено обследование 446 спортсменов по протоколу SCAT-5 (373 мужчины, 73 женщины; медиана возраста 37 [26; 43] лет). В исследовании участвовали спортсмены, у которых по результатам предварительного (предсоревновательного) тестирования не было выявлено отклонений. Русскоязычная версия протокола SCAT-5 с использованием 3 разных наборов слов для оценки памяти была подготовлена и адаптирована специалистами ФГБУ НЦСМ ФМБА России. В зависимости от используемого набора слов для оценки кратковременной памяти спортсмены были разделены на 3 группы. Изучались такие показатели, как количество и тяжесть симптомов, кратковременная и долговременная память. Статистический анализ данных осуществлен с применением пакета прикладных программ IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0.

Результаты. Сравнение интегральных показателей кратковременной памяти спортсменов разных групп не выявило статистически значимых различий (p > 0,05). Анализ интегральных показателей долговременной памяти спортсменов разных групп также не установил статистически значимых различий (p > 0,05). Обнаружена положительная корреляция между результатами интегральных показателей оценок кратковременной и долговременной памяти в каждой группе (r = 0,629, p < 0,001 для группы 1; r = 0,663, p < 0,001 для группы 2; r = 0,591, p < 0,001 для группы 3). При этом связь количества и тяжести выявленных в ходе обследования симптомов с результатами кратковременной памяти отсутствует (r = -0,011, p = 0,824 для количества симптомов; r = -0,015, p = 0,747 для тяжести симптомов).

Выводы. Любой из трех предложенных нами наборов слов обеспечил валидность метода, сопоставимую с англоязычными версиями протоколов SCAT, взаимозаменяем и допускается к применению в русскоязычных версиях протоколов SCAT-5, SCAT-6 и более современных, в которых оценка памяти производится с помощью наборов из 10 слов. Использование протокола позволяет объективизировать диагностику и мониторинг спортсменов после СГМ на различных этапах восстановления.

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